1960s: Volatile Period Rejection of conservative or repressive culture of the 1950s with its (more)

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American Film Industry Problems the financial over-exposure the continual audience decline the (more)

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Economic Recession 1968-1971 – Major economic recession in Hollywood A large number of (more)

Economic Recession 1968-1971 – Major economic recession in Hollywood A large number of expensive studio films bombed at the box office (less)

Hollywood Renaissance Films American cinema entered a phase characterised by the production of (more)

Hollywood Renaissance Films American cinema entered a phase characterised by the production of films that were: stylistically diverse and narratively challenging tuned-in to the social and political climate of the era (less)

“Hollywood and the world” Setting of new trends in the treatment of controversial material such (more)

“Hollywood and the world” Setting of new trends in the treatment of controversial material such as: the representation of violence (Bonnie and Clyde); sex (Midnight Cowboy and The Graduate); and drugs (Easy Rider) (less)

The end of Hollywood Renaissance Michael Cimino’s Heaven’s Gate (1980) Budgeted at $8 (more)

The end of Hollywood Renaissance Michael Cimino’s Heaven’s Gate (1980) Budgeted at $8 million Final Cost $44 million Grossed $12,000 United Artists went bankrupt (less)

Standard British English English – West Germanic Language British English – English language used (more)

Standard British English English – West Germanic Language British English – English language used in the U.K. (less)

Top of the Social Scale 12% -15% speaks the standard British dialect. Down the social scale more (more)

Top of the Social Scale 12% -15% speaks the standard British dialect. Down the social scale more nonstandard forms. (less)

Differences between Standard English and non Standard Dialects Not phonological Not lexical But, (more)

Differences between Standard English and non Standard Dialects Not phonological Not lexical But, Grammatical (less)

British English - present perfect an action that has occurred in the recent past I've lost my (more)

British English - present perfect an action that has occurred in the recent past I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it? American English – simple past I lost my key. Can you help me look for it? (less)

British English: I've just had lunch I've already seen that film American English: I just had (more)

British English: I've just had lunch I've already seen that film American English: I just had lunch OR I've just had lunch I saw that film OR I’ve already seen that film. (less)

The Verb Get In American English “gotten” - He's gotten much better at playing tennis. In (more)

The Verb Get In American English “gotten” - He's gotten much better at playing tennis. In British English “got” - He's got much better at playing tennis. (less)

Vocabulary: Most important part of language. Aim of knowing a language is communication. Easier (more)

Vocabulary: Most important part of language. Aim of knowing a language is communication. Easier when you know vocabulary What we seem to know (less)

Average educated adult: 15,000 – 20,000 word families L2 learners also manage to acquire thousands (more)

Average educated adult: 15,000 – 20,000 word families L2 learners also manage to acquire thousands of word families. Vocabulary Acquisition (less)

Explicit: greatest chance of acquisition but time-consuming Implicit-Incidental: beneficial but (more)

Explicit: greatest chance of acquisition but time-consuming Implicit-Incidental: beneficial but slower and gradual Incidental & Explicit learning (less)

Ways to teach Providing texts Teach the words they want Reading Variety of techniques (more)

Ways to teach Providing texts Teach the words they want Reading Variety of techniques Dictionary Guess unknown words (less)

1. WHERE IS SINGAPORE? 2. BRITISH EMPIRE IN SINGAPORE 3. ENGLISH AS AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE 4. USE OF (more)

1. WHERE IS SINGAPORE? 2. BRITISH EMPIRE IN SINGAPORE 3. ENGLISH AS AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE 4. USE OF ENGLISH IN SINGAPORE 5. SINGLISH 6. DEBATE QUESTION CONTENTS 2 (less)

Singapore is a hi-tech, wealthy city-state also known for the conservatism of its leaders (more)

Singapore is a hi-tech, wealthy city-state also known for the conservatism of its leaders and its strict social controls. An island country 4 (less)

ENGLISH AS AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE 4 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: English: Is the common language of the (more)

ENGLISH AS AN OFFICIAL LANGUAGE 4 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: English: Is the common language of the Nation. Mandarin Chinese: Second major language Malay: As the national language Tamil: As a native language 6 (less)

English became the lingua franca due to the British rule. Singapore has a policy of (more)

English became the lingua franca due to the British rule. Singapore has a policy of bilingualism The mother tongue is a way to preserve unique cultural values in the multicultural society 7 (less)

Singaporean English is based on British English The Standard English changes to pidgin known as (more)

Singaporean English is based on British English The Standard English changes to pidgin known as "Singlish". English-based creole language. Use of English words with Chinese grammar. SINGLISH 8 Oh yeah oh yeah Why are u like that? Buy a drink! (less)

Code switching further complicates the linguistic situation in Singapore. Acrolectal: "This (more)

Code switching further complicates the linguistic situation in Singapore. Acrolectal: "This person's Singlish is very good." Mesolectal: "Dis guy Singlish damn good eh." Basilectal: ("Singlish") "Dis guy Singrish si beh zai sia." CODE SWITCHING 9 (less)

Dat person there cannot trust. – That person over there is not trustworthy. Tomorrow dun need (more)

Dat person there cannot trust. – That person over there is not trustworthy. Tomorrow dun need bring camera. – You don't need to bring a camera tomorrow. He play soccer also very good one leh. – He's very good at playing soccer too. I go bus-stop wait for you  – I will be at the bus stop waiting for you Singlish samples 10 (less)