Index Definition of politeness. Deferential behaviour. Positive and negative (més)

Index Definition of politeness. Deferential behaviour. Positive and negative faces. Strategies. Negative and positive politeness strategies. Different concepts of politeness. Conclusions. (menys)

Definition of politeness The word politeness describes actions undertaken by a person to another (més)

Definition of politeness The word politeness describes actions undertaken by a person to another and it is not limited to verbal behaviour*. A person who has respect and consideration to the others, has got a polite behaviour. (menys)

Deferential behaviour Deferential behaviour deals with the respect that we have with people of (més)

Deferential behaviour Deferential behaviour deals with the respect that we have with people of different ages and different social status than us. This is more rigid than polite behaviour and requires different registers. (menys)

Positive and negative faces Our social status depends on the situation and particularities that (més)

Positive and negative faces Our social status depends on the situation and particularities that involve us. There is a positive face in people (the wish of be respected by the others) and a negative face (the wish of be free and autonomous). (menys)

Strategies Polite verbal behaviour can be considered a result of series of logical decisions in (més)

Strategies Polite verbal behaviour can be considered a result of series of logical decisions in order to avoid a negative face of the others during a conversation. The strategies vary depending on the relationship that you have with the other person taking into account the social distance. (menys)

Negative and positive politeness strategies In order to be polite there is a list of substrategies (més)

Negative and positive politeness strategies In order to be polite there is a list of substrategies that can be classified as negative and positive politeness strategies. We use negative politeness strategies when they involve deferring to others and respect their privacy like pessimism sentences, apologies or justifications. We use positive politeness strategies to respect the rights of a person, to be understood showing sympathy and focusing addressee’s interests showing optimism. (menys)

Different concepts of politeness Not all the cultures have the same concept of politeness. For (més)

Different concepts of politeness Not all the cultures have the same concept of politeness. For example: In the Arabic culture there is a particular expectation of politeness that consists on when they finish they food and they have liked it, in order to give the thanks and show their satisfaction, they burp. In our culture this habit is considered as impolite. (menys)

Conclusions Politeness is a concept very important that we need to take into account for be seen (més)

Conclusions Politeness is a concept very important that we need to take into account for be seen like an educate person by the others. You have some strategies that you can follow in order to be polite. It is very important to have a different behaviour depending on each situation and the people who are you talking with. (menys)

1. GRAMMAR Example: Did you go to a ballet yesterday (correct grammar) You went to a ballet (més)

1. GRAMMAR Example: Did you go to a ballet yesterday (correct grammar) You went to a ballet yesterday? (not grammatically correct in written form) (menys)

2. SPEECH ACT OR COM. FUNCTION? The words we use to say it. The INTENTION, I want the sugar, pass (més)

2. SPEECH ACT OR COM. FUNCTION? The words we use to say it. The INTENTION, I want the sugar, pass it to me. 1. SPEECH ACT 2. COMMUNICATIVE FUNCTION Example: CAN I HAVE THE SUGAR, PLEASE? (menys)

3. FORM/STRUCTURE and COM. FUCTION To analyze what we say we can make a distinction between FORM (més)

3. FORM/STRUCTURE and COM. FUCTION To analyze what we say we can make a distinction between FORM and COM. FUNCTION (menys)

4.1 Let’s have a look at an example! I’d like to go to the cinema someday to watch that new film… (més)

4.1 Let’s have a look at an example! I’d like to go to the cinema someday to watch that new film… Locutionary act: I’d like to go to the cinema someday to watch that new film… (grammar used). Illocutionary act: I want to go to the cinema I like it and I like that movie. Perlocutionary act: Do s/he wants to meet? Or s/he wants to go to the cinema; s/he likes it and likes that movie. (menys)

5. INDIRECTNESS Definition: an utterance whose intented purpose or function is different from that (més)

5. INDIRECTNESS Definition: an utterance whose intented purpose or function is different from that which can be deduced from the literal meaning of its constituents. DIRECT SPEECH ACT: Literal meaning INDIRECT SPEECH ACT: The context of the utterance (menys)

5.1 Let’s have a look at an example! Literal meaning That this is not his/her cup of tea Context (més)

5.1 Let’s have a look at an example! Literal meaning That this is not his/her cup of tea Context in mind Something that they are talking about is not its favourite thing DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH Example: IT IS NOT MY CUP OF TEA. (menys)

6. KINDS OF SPEECH ACTS DECLARATIVES or PERFORMATIVES: Ritualized utterances. In a shop: Can I (més)

6. KINDS OF SPEECH ACTS DECLARATIVES or PERFORMATIVES: Ritualized utterances. In a shop: Can I help you? REPRESENTATIVES: Believes about the world. If you do this diet you will lose 3 kilos in 1 week! EXPRESSIVES: It has to be with feelings and emotions. I feel tired, let’s go home DIRECTIVES:: To get other to do something for you. I can’t pay the coffee, I forgot my purse, could you? COMMISIVES: To carry out a certain action in the future. I’ll pick up my luggage at 2. (menys)

Unit 3: Deixis ADRIAN JIMENEZ LOZA (més)

Unit 3: Deixis ADRIAN JIMENEZ LOZA DESCRIPTION AND USE OF ENGLISH 25/12/2012 (menys)

What “deixis” consist about? Any kind of conversation needs a point of reference or clear (més)

What “deixis” consist about? Any kind of conversation needs a point of reference or clear objective. These objectives or goals can be more or less explicit If not, a simple dialogue will not have an specific purpose. (menys)

When do we identify it? Takes place in expressions whose referent varies depending of the context (més)

When do we identify it? Takes place in expressions whose referent varies depending of the context used. Such references can be identified by markers, such as pronouns, demonstratives, temp. and loc. adverbs and also verbal tenses (menys)

Be aware about! Be cautious, those “markers” can work as non-deictic expressions: Deictic (més)

Be aware about! Be cautious, those “markers” can work as non-deictic expressions: Deictic use: Non-deictic: Oh, I did this and that (not have particular meaning) You may choose those ones (need certain info.) (menys)

There is more to know about Non-deictic usage shares several similarities with: - (més)

There is more to know about Non-deictic usage shares several similarities with: - Anaphoric-referential acts: Maria is our new student/ She is... “In this case. We avoid repetition”. Referential acts can be more explicit or less It will vary by our decision. (menys)

We are not finished yet! We can set up a distinction of deictic usage (when identifying a (més)

We are not finished yet! We can set up a distinction of deictic usage (when identifying a reference): Gestural usage: physical activity (nodding, point somewhere). Symbolic usage: deals with spatial and temporal circumstances. (menys)

Types of Deixis Personal: Basically pronouns and possesives (social factors are in mind when (més)

Types of Deixis Personal: Basically pronouns and possesives (social factors are in mind when refering to a particular participant). Place: demonstratives, adverbs and non-static verbs (go, take bring come). Time: Adverbs, adjectives, verbal tense and demonstratives (menys)

Conclusion Deictic usage takes place on real and daily conversations and it is and element to be (més)

Conclusion Deictic usage takes place on real and daily conversations and it is and element to be aware about. (“We use it subconsciously”) Thanks for your attention and have a nice day. (menys)

Course Project“UNIT 2: Speech acts” Describing and Using English Professor: Josep Maria (més)

Course Project“UNIT 2: Speech acts” Describing and Using English Professor: Josep Maria Cots Name: Montse Martinez Semino University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)

Index What we understand by Communicative function? What are Speech acts? In what consists (més)

Index What we understand by Communicative function? What are Speech acts? In what consists communicative intent? What is the difference between Speech act and Communicative function? The three aspects within Speech acts. Indirectness Conclusion 2 University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)

1. What we understand by Communicative function? Paying attention to the form that you use to (més)

1. What we understand by Communicative function? Paying attention to the form that you use to communicate your message and be sure that the other person would understand in the same way you expected it to be understood. 3 University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)

2. What are Speech acts? Utterances are the words that we use to create the message. 4 (més)

2. What are Speech acts? Utterances are the words that we use to create the message. 4 University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)

3. In what consists Communicative intent? Two points of view: Grammatical aspects. Force (més)

3. In what consists Communicative intent? Two points of view: Grammatical aspects. Force aspects ?Communicative Intent deal with this. 5 University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)

4. What is the difference between Speech act and Communicative function?  Speech act ? The (més)

4. What is the difference between Speech act and Communicative function?  Speech act ? The utterance that we use to say something . Communicative function ? The feeling or intention that we want to express. 6 University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)

5. The three aspects within Speech acts. Locutionary ? The simply words that we use to (més)

5. The three aspects within Speech acts. Locutionary ? The simply words that we use to create the utterance. Illocutionary ? The intention that the speaker wants to communicate. Perlocutionary ? The interpretation that provokes in the hearer. 7 University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)

6. Indirectness Meaning ? The use of words to mean something different to the literal meaning of (més)

6. Indirectness Meaning ? The use of words to mean something different to the literal meaning of an utterance. Direct Speech Acts? Must be intended by the basis of literal meaning. Indirect Speech Acts ? Must be intended by the basis of non-literal meaning. 8 University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)

Five different types of (més)

Five different types of indirectness: Declaratives Representatives Expressive Directives Commissives 1 9 University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)

7. Conclusion As a conclusion we can say that as you can see Speech acts are most present in our (més)

7. Conclusion As a conclusion we can say that as you can see Speech acts are most present in our lives of what we thought, because we do this unconsciously. 10 University of Lleida- Arts Faculty- Describing and Using English (menys)