Language: instrument used to refer to people or things.
Why do we use the language?
To make (més)
Language: instrument used to refer to people or things.
Why do we use the language?
To make reference to people
things
We have to specify what we are talking about
DEIXIS (menys)
Make ourselves understood when comunicating.
We can find two situations:
- The interlocutor (més)
Make ourselves understood when comunicating.
We can find two situations:
- The interlocutor whom I am speaking to hasn't got the same knowledge of the world than me.
- The interlocutor whom I am speaking to has almost the same knowledge than me. DEIXIS (menys)
Verbal tense: its interpretation depends on the temporal context.
Every tense used in an (més)
Verbal tense: its interpretation depends on the temporal context.
Every tense used in an utterance depends on the location of the speaker.
Anaphora: the necessary reference has been made beforehand so that it can be understood by the addressee.
DEICTIC VS. NON-DEICTIC USAGE (menys)
DEICTIC USAGE Gestural usage: it is only possible under physical circumstances.
Symbolic (més)
DEICTIC USAGE Gestural usage: it is only possible under physical circumstances.
Symbolic usage: it is only possible under spatial and temporal circumstances. (menys)
Person deixis: used with personal pronouns and possessives.
Place deixis: used with (més)
Person deixis: used with personal pronouns and possessives.
Place deixis: used with demonstratives this/that/these/those and with adverbs here/there.
Time deixis: used with adverbs and adjectives.
TYPES OF DEIXIS (menys)
DefinitiON
In linguistics, deixis refers to the phenomenon wherein understanding the meaning of (més)
DefinitiON
In linguistics, deixis refers to the phenomenon wherein understanding the meaning of certain words and phrases in an utterance requires contextual information.
Examples: I, you, now, there, tenses etc… (menys)
TYPES OF DEIXIS Person deixis pronouns, possessive affixes of nouns, agreement affixes of (més)
TYPES OF DEIXIS Person deixis pronouns, possessive affixes of nouns, agreement affixes of verbs
Place deixis this way, that , here, there
Time deixis temporal adverbs: now, then, yesterday and distinctions in tense
Social deixis the distinction between familiar and polite second person pronouns
(menys)
NON-DEICTIC USAGE A non-deictic expression is an expression for which you don't need context to (més)
NON-DEICTIC USAGE A non-deictic expression is an expression for which you don't need context to understand it since it doesn't refer to anything in particular.
Example: “You have to be 21 to be allowed to buy a gun.”
- it refers to whoever is reading the sign. It could also be replaced with “one has to...”. (menys)
Conclusion
The function of a deictic element is specifying its referent in a given context. (més)
Conclusion
The function of a deictic element is specifying its referent in a given context.
Deixis is not used for everyone in the same way
How are we doing today?” instead of “How are you doing today?” just to be more empathetic. (menys)
DefinitiON
In linguistics, deixis refers to the phenomenon wherein understanding the meaning of (més)
DefinitiON
In linguistics, deixis refers to the phenomenon wherein understanding the meaning of certain words and phrases in an utterance requires contextual information.
Examples: I, you, now, there, tenses etc… (menys)
TYPES OF DEIXIS Person deixis pronouns, possessive affixes of nouns, agreement affixes of (més)
TYPES OF DEIXIS Person deixis pronouns, possessive affixes of nouns, agreement affixes of verbs
Place deixis this way, that , here, there
Time deixis temporal adverbs: now, then, yesterday and distinctions in tense
Social deixis the distinction between familiar and polite second person pronouns
(menys)
NON-DEICTIC USAGE A non-deictic expression is an expression for which you don't need context to (més)
NON-DEICTIC USAGE A non-deictic expression is an expression for which you don't need context to understand it since it doesn't refer to anything in particular.
Example: “You have to be 21 to be allowed to buy a gun.”
- it refers to whoever is reading the sign. It could also be replaced with “one has to...”. (menys)
Conclusion
The function of a deictic element is specifying its referent in a given context. (més)
Conclusion
The function of a deictic element is specifying its referent in a given context.
Deixis is not used for everyone in the same way
How are we doing today?” instead of “How are you doing today?” just to be more empathetic. (menys)
WHAT IS A SPEECH EVENT? A speech event is a specific kind of speech that follows a standard (més)
WHAT IS A SPEECH EVENT? A speech event is a specific kind of speech that follows a standard format
There can be several kind of speech events
Speech events have 8 components that can be remembered with the acronym SPEAKING
(menys)
COMPONENTS OF SPEECH EVENTS There are 8 components:
Setting: Time and Place
Participants: People (més)
COMPONENTS OF SPEECH EVENTS There are 8 components:
Setting: Time and Place
Participants: People in the speech event
Ends: What speakers expect from the speech event
Acts: Communicative output of the interaction
Key: Attitude of the participants towards the speech
Instruments: Channel and language variety used
Norms: Prescriptive features and regularities of behaviour
Genre: Culturally recognized pattern of meanings
(menys)
NORMS OF INTERACTION Norms of interaction create certain expectations among the members of a (més)
NORMS OF INTERACTION Norms of interaction create certain expectations among the members of a social group about when and how speech should be used.
Example: Do not speak when someone else is speaking. (menys)
NORMS OF INTERPRETATION Norms of interpretation: It is the knowledge that allows us to interpret (més)
NORMS OF INTERPRETATION Norms of interpretation: It is the knowledge that allows us to interpret and understand a communicate action carried out by another member of our language community.
Norms of interpretation are related to the system of values of a community, for instance, overlapping in a conversation can be taken as a disrespect in one community, or as a sign of involvement in another culture. (menys)
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