Speech acts Language ? grammar rules (més)

Speech acts Language ? grammar rules conforming the rules Grammar violating the rules 2 (menys)

Speech acts Main goal ? communicate the message Communicative function Basic units ? speech (més)

Speech acts Main goal ? communicate the message Communicative function Basic units ? speech acts 3 (menys)

Speech acts possible Communication (més)

Speech acts possible Communication impossible Mismatch ? 3 points of view 5 (menys)

Speech acts “Can you close the door?” Locutionary act Ilocutionary act (més)

Speech acts “Can you close the door?” Locutionary act Ilocutionary act Perlocutionary act literal meaning real intention interpretation grammatically to open the door answer/open the door 6 (menys)

Indirectness Indirectness ? natural in language use Direct speech ? literal meaning Indirect (més)

Indirectness Indirectness ? natural in language use Direct speech ? literal meaning Indirect speech ? non-literal meaning 7 (menys)

Indirectness “I feel like a cup of coffee” Direct speech acts Indirect speech (més)

Indirectness “I feel like a cup of coffee” Direct speech acts Indirect speech acts Am I a cup of coffee? I want a cup of coffee 8 (menys)

Types of speech acts Declaratives ?statements Representatives ?speaker beliefs Expressive (més)

Types of speech acts Declaratives ?statements Representatives ?speaker beliefs Expressive ?speaker’s own feelings Directives ?intend others to do something Commissive ?carry out future actions 9 (menys)

CONCEPTS Most of the dictionaries would agree that what characterizes a conversation is the (més)

CONCEPTS Most of the dictionaries would agree that what characterizes a conversation is the organization in turns Feed-back ? response from other people (menys)

TAKING THE TURN The turn taking is the interruption of someone while another person is speaking (més)

TAKING THE TURN The turn taking is the interruption of someone while another person is speaking that happens simultaneously Overlaps may also be seen as a positive sign Taking the turn involves the use of three sets of verbal strategies: - mental planning of the message - acknowledging the contribution of the previous speaker - taking the floor A participant in a conversation should be able to hold the turn or yield it to another participant (menys)

UNDERSTANDINGS AND MISUNDERSTANDINGS The Backchannel involves some signals – eye-glances, (més)

UNDERSTANDINGS AND MISUNDERSTANDINGS The Backchannel involves some signals – eye-glances, nodding the head and smiles It is possible that in some conversations appear a lack of understanding due to a misinterpretation, a mishearing or a non-hearing Repairs: - self-initiated repair - other-initiated repair - self-repair - other-repair Intonation take a very important part (menys)

TURN SEQUENCES Exchange ? minimal interactional unit which consists of at least two turns (més)

TURN SEQUENCES Exchange ? minimal interactional unit which consists of at least two turns Adjacency pair ? subgroup of exchanges where is more likely to continue or respond anything related to the first sentence (menys)

INDEX Introduction to previous concepts. Definition of speech event. Components of a speech (més)

INDEX Introduction to previous concepts. Definition of speech event. Components of a speech event. Structure of speech events. (menys)

DEFINITION Speech events are units which include verbal interaction and context (i.e. a (més)

DEFINITION Speech events are units which include verbal interaction and context (i.e. a communicative situation and speech acts). (menys)

NORMS OF INTERACTION Regularities or patterns of behavior that the speaker “should” follow (més)

NORMS OF INTERACTION Regularities or patterns of behavior that the speaker “should” follow during the speech event. (menys)

What is the deixis? General definition ? “the function or use of deictic words forms” We have to (més)

What is the deixis? General definition ? “the function or use of deictic words forms” We have to comprehend deixis as a phenomena which, to understand very well a sentence, word, speech or a text, we need context information. (menys)

EXAMPLES OF DEIXIS “You have to go there” “These people are happy with their poverty” “Over (més)

EXAMPLES OF DEIXIS “You have to go there” “These people are happy with their poverty” “Over there, not everybody lives in big houses” “But they are very happy. Right?” (menys)

DEICTIC ELEMENTS Expressions whose referent varies according to the context in which the utterance (més)

DEICTIC ELEMENTS Expressions whose referent varies according to the context in which the utterance is produced.  For instance, verbs need context to understand what they want to say. come and go send and receive (menys)

DEICTIC USAGE AND NON-DEICTIC USAGE Deictic usage there are two types: Gestural Symbolic (més)

DEICTIC USAGE AND NON-DEICTIC USAGE Deictic usage there are two types: Gestural Symbolic Non-deictic usage not depend on the context. For example? “In these days you never know where to stand” Another case of non-deictic usage of these particles is known as anaphora (menys)

Types of deixis There are three types of deixis: Person? when the reference is a participant I, (més)

Types of deixis There are three types of deixis: Person? when the reference is a participant I, you, he/she/it/ mine, her/his... Place ? when the reference is the place here, there among others Time ? when the reference is temporal now, then, afterwards, yesterday, today, tomorrow, like and next. (menys)

DEICTIC CENTER Paul is from England Connie is from Ukraine. Both talk by telephone. P: [...] (més)

DEICTIC CENTER Paul is from England Connie is from Ukraine. Both talk by telephone. P: [...] Connie, when will you come here C: I do not know yet. I have a lot of work and especially at home. P: Oh! Where you work? C: In a private school, teaching English. Well ... and you? When will you come here? P: Well ... I have thought of coming in a couple of months. I have here and work out the contract in June. C: Wow! You will be welcome. (menys)