SPEECH ACTS 1.Force: locution, illocution, perlocution 2. Felicity conditions 3. Speech act (more)

SPEECH ACTS 1.Force: locution, illocution, perlocution 2. Felicity conditions 3. Speech act types 4. Indirect speech acts (less)

Force: locution, illocution, perlocution Speech acts consist of three related acts: 1) a (more)

Force: locution, illocution, perlocution Speech acts consist of three related acts: 1) a locutionary act: is the act of performing words into utterances that make sense in a language with correct grammar and pronunciation. 2) illocutionary act: it consist of the intention of communicative action by the speaker. 3) perlocutionary act: is the effect that an utterance has on the thoughts, feeling, or attitudes of the listener. (less)

Felicity conditions Felicity condition are certain expected or appropriate circumstances, for (more)

Felicity conditions Felicity condition are certain expected or appropriate circumstances, for the performative of a speech act to be recognized as intended. There are different types of felicity conditions such as: - general conditions -content conditions - preparatory conditions - sincerity conditions - essential conditions (less)

Speech act types There are some descriptive terms for different kinds of speech acts apply to the (more)

Speech act types There are some descriptive terms for different kinds of speech acts apply to the speaker’s communicative intention in producing an utterance as: Apology For example: Oh, I’d love to see that movie with you but this Friday just isn´t going to work. Complaint I’ve already been waiting three weeks for the computer, and I was told it would be delivered within a week. Compliment You are look nice today Invitation We’re having some people over Saturday evening and wanted to know if you’d like to join us. Promise I promise we will be at home at three. Request could you pass me the mashed potatoes, please? (less)

Indirect speech acts There are two ways to transmit what we want to say to people: On the one (more)

Indirect speech acts There are two ways to transmit what we want to say to people: On the one hand we can use the direct speech act which consist of say/convey the information directly; and we establish a direct relationship between a structure and a function. For example: a declarative used to make a statement is a direct speech act. On the other hand we can use the indirect speech act to transmit the message with more careful and polite way. (less)

Conclusion This presentation deals with the speech acts in general and its main terms which depend (more)

Conclusion This presentation deals with the speech acts in general and its main terms which depend of the internal or/and external communication. In addition how we can use this main terms in real situations of life and how depend they on the context of speech acts. I hope this exposition will be useful, easy to understand and interesting for you. (less)

Example: P: Hello, is Mr. Grant at home now? S: No, he’s on holidays. He isn’t back until (more)

Example: P: Hello, is Mr. Grant at home now? S: No, he’s on holidays. He isn’t back until tomorrow. P: I’ve got an important package for him. S: You can leave it here and I’ll give it. P: Sorry, I’ve got strict orders of delivering it personally. S: In this case you’ll have to bring that back tomorrow, because he isn’t here now. (less)

Example: “You’ll have to bring that back tomorrow, because he isn’t here now.” The package (more)

Example: “You’ll have to bring that back tomorrow, because he isn’t here now.” The package Mr Grant Mr grant’s house The moment of the conversation (less)

DEICTIC ELEMENTS: linguistic forms relating the utterance to a particular time, place, speaker, (more)

DEICTIC ELEMENTS: linguistic forms relating the utterance to a particular time, place, speaker, or discourse context. (less)

UNIT 3: Deixis Subject: Describing and using English Teacher: Josep Maria Cots Student: Vasilica (more)

UNIT 3: Deixis Subject: Describing and using English Teacher: Josep Maria Cots Student: Vasilica Mocanu Date: 17/01/2011 (less)

Deixis 2 What “deixis” is? That part of linguistics which deals with communicative conditions, (more)

Deixis 2 What “deixis” is? That part of linguistics which deals with communicative conditions, elements we are not aware of when we are speaking. (less)

Deixis 3 Some important concepts Reference: information the interlocutors share about a thing or a (more)

Deixis 3 Some important concepts Reference: information the interlocutors share about a thing or a person which helps them to get better or worse a message. Indexical: also called “deictic” is a word which refers to another that thrown away from a context, loses its meaning. Anaphora: an indexical used to talk about something we have already said and we don’t want to repeat. (less)

Deixis 4 Some important concepts Cataphora: an indexical we use in order to refer to an element (more)

Deixis 4 Some important concepts Cataphora: an indexical we use in order to refer to an element which is going to be talked about. That’s the opposite of “anaphora”. (less)

Deixis 5 Types of “deixis” 2 different classifications A) from the point of (more)

Deixis 5 Types of “deixis” 2 different classifications A) from the point of view of the use we make of “deixis”. B) from the point of view of the referent ( person or thing we are talking about). (less)

Deixis 8 2. Symbolic deixis elements whose interpretation only depends on the present situation (more)

Deixis 8 2. Symbolic deixis elements whose interpretation only depends on the present situation in which the interlocutors are in the moment they have a conversation. (less)

Deixis 10 1. Person deixis: refers to the participants in a conversation or people they are (more)

Deixis 10 1. Person deixis: refers to the participants in a conversation or people they are talking about. (less)

Deixis 13 Examples of “deictics” Pronouns: that, those, he. Adverbs: here, there, today, two hours (more)

Deixis 13 Examples of “deictics” Pronouns: that, those, he. Adverbs: here, there, today, two hours later. (less)

Elements that will be described Speech act Locutionary / Illocutionary / Perlocutionary (more)

Elements that will be described Speech act Locutionary / Illocutionary / Perlocutionary acts Felicity conditions Indirectness (less)

Speech act Using language not only mean executing grammar rules but also trying to communicate (more)

Speech act Using language not only mean executing grammar rules but also trying to communicate something. We use the term speech act because when we talk we have some intentions and we say the expressions that should be better to provoke the actions that we expect on the other people that are listening. So is not only important the form of an utterance but also its communicative function (less)

Kinds of acts in a speech Locutionary act: producing an utterance with meaning (more)

Kinds of acts in a speech Locutionary act: producing an utterance with meaning (form) Illocutionary act: intention of the speaker saying this utterance (force of an utterance) Perlocutionary act: hearer’s interpretation of the utterance said by the speaker. (less)

Example Locutionary act: I made some cookies Illocutionary (more)

Example Locutionary act: I made some cookies Illocutionary act: speaker intention offer, explanation, etc. Perlocutionary act: hearer interpet this is a hearer makes a good interpretation offer explanation (less)

An utterance can have different illocutionary acts: I’ll see you next (more)

An utterance can have different illocutionary acts: I’ll see you next Monday Potential Illocutionary acts: Prediction Promise Warning Perlocutionary act: ? (less)

What makes possible to interpret correctly an utterance ? Explicit performances: the utterance (more)

What makes possible to interpret correctly an utterance ? Explicit performances: the utterance tells us which is the speaker’s intention (performative verb) Implicit performances: the utterance doesn’t tell us which is the speaker’s intention so we have to imagine it depending on the context. (word order, stress, intonation..) Felicity conditions: is the context and the circumstances that are present in a speech act and that make understandable the conversation, they affect the words that are said these words can be interpreted in a way or another depending on them. (less)

Example Explicit performances I promise I’ll see you next (more)

Example Explicit performances I promise I’ll see you next Monday Implicit performances I’ll see you next Monday (different intonation) promise prediction warning (less)

Example Felicity conditions Context I’ll see you next Monday Prediction ? (more)

Example Felicity conditions Context I’ll see you next Monday Prediction ? students finishing classes in Friday and they will see each other next Monday because they will have classes again Warning ? an employer has forgotten to do something important and the boss says that he has to come to the office next Monday Promise ? a man tell a friend to have a beer with him next Monday Also for a good communication: understand the language used, knowing the topic, etc. (less)

Indirectness Make an utterance that have a different intention than the one we can deduce from the (more)

Indirectness Make an utterance that have a different intention than the one we can deduce from the literal meaning of the utterance. Direct speech acts: their interpretation is based on the literal meaning Indirect speech acts: they have to be interpreted by the context because they can’t be understood correctly from the literal meaning (less)

Final example H: I got this out of the library weeks ago for a bit of light reading R: This is (more)

Final example H: I got this out of the library weeks ago for a bit of light reading R: This is light? Indirect H: Of course here it is, Nicolas Flamel, is the only known maker of the Fhilosopher stone! Ha. and R: The what? H: Oh, honestly, don’t you two read? Indirect direct (less)