Elements that will be described Speech act Locutionary / Illocutionary / Perlocutionary (more)

Elements that will be described Speech act Locutionary / Illocutionary / Perlocutionary acts Felicity conditions Indirectness (less)

Speech act Using language not only mean executing grammar rules but also trying to communicate (more)

Speech act Using language not only mean executing grammar rules but also trying to communicate something. We use the term speech act because when we talk we have some intentions and we say the expressions that should be better to provoke the actions that we expect on the other people that are listening. So is not only important the form of an utterance but also its communicative function (less)

Kinds of acts in a speech Locutionary act: producing an utterance with meaning (more)

Kinds of acts in a speech Locutionary act: producing an utterance with meaning (form) Illocutionary act: intention of the speaker saying this utterance (force of an utterance) Perlocutionary act: hearer’s interpretation of the utterance said by the speaker. (less)

Example Locutionary act: I made some cookies Illocutionary (more)

Example Locutionary act: I made some cookies Illocutionary act: speaker intention offer, explanation, etc. Perlocutionary act: hearer interpet this is a hearer makes a good interpretation offer explanation (less)

An utterance can have different illocutionary acts: I’ll see you next (more)

An utterance can have different illocutionary acts: I’ll see you next Monday Potential Illocutionary acts: Prediction Promise Warning Perlocutionary act: ? (less)

What makes possible to interpret correctly an utterance ? Explicit performances: the utterance (more)

What makes possible to interpret correctly an utterance ? Explicit performances: the utterance tells us which is the speaker’s intention (performative verb) Implicit performances: the utterance doesn’t tell us which is the speaker’s intention so we have to imagine it depending on the context. (word order, stress, intonation..) Felicity conditions: is the context and the circumstances that are present in a speech act and that make understandable the conversation, they affect the words that are said these words can be interpreted in a way or another depending on them. (less)

Example Explicit performances I promise I’ll see you next (more)

Example Explicit performances I promise I’ll see you next Monday Implicit performances I’ll see you next Monday (different intonation) promise prediction warning (less)

Example Felicity conditions Context I’ll see you next Monday Prediction ? (more)

Example Felicity conditions Context I’ll see you next Monday Prediction ? students finishing classes in Friday and they will see each other next Monday because they will have classes again Warning ? an employer has forgotten to do something important and the boss says that he has to come to the office next Monday Promise ? a man tell a friend to have a beer with him next Monday Also for a good communication: understand the language used, knowing the topic, etc. (less)

Indirectness Make an utterance that have a different intention than the one we can deduce from the (more)

Indirectness Make an utterance that have a different intention than the one we can deduce from the literal meaning of the utterance. Direct speech acts: their interpretation is based on the literal meaning Indirect speech acts: they have to be interpreted by the context because they can’t be understood correctly from the literal meaning (less)

Final example H: I got this out of the library weeks ago for a bit of light reading R: This is (more)

Final example H: I got this out of the library weeks ago for a bit of light reading R: This is light? Indirect H: Of course here it is, Nicolas Flamel, is the only known maker of the Fhilosopher stone! Ha. and R: The what? H: Oh, honestly, don’t you two read? Indirect direct (less)

Unit 5. Speech eventOral Presentation Describing and Using English Degree of English (more)

Unit 5. Speech eventOral Presentation Describing and Using English Degree of English Studies Instructor: Josep Maria Cots Student: Rosa Maria Llavall (less)

Thank you for your attention Describing and Using English Degree of English Studies Instructor: (more)

Thank you for your attention Describing and Using English Degree of English Studies Instructor: Josep Maria Cots Student: Rosa Maria Llavall (less)

Introduction to the unit DEIXIS: Essential aspect for human communication. Greek words = “to point (more)

Introduction to the unit DEIXIS: Essential aspect for human communication. Greek words = “to point to”. Expression whose interpretation has to do with extra-linguistic context of an utterance. Bring concepts into the focus of attention. Essential to know the context in order to fully understand the meaning. These particles can have either deictic or non- deictic usage. In some cases the ambiguity of the particles makes difficult its identification . 2/ 7 (less)

Definition of the main concepts (I) REFERENCE ? Pointing to things or people while we are using (more)

Definition of the main concepts (I) REFERENCE ? Pointing to things or people while we are using language, to help our interlocutors to identify them. INDEX / INDEXICALITY ? Sign-type acting as a pointing device. Indexicality refers to those expressions whose meaning varies depending on the context in which they are used. DEIXIS ? “Linguistic pointing”. Language process. In most cases we are not aware of using it. It can refer to a person/time/place and it needs a context to understand its meaning. 3/ 7 (less)

ANAPHORA ?Act of reference in which the particle used has been introduced before. The speaker (more)

ANAPHORA ?Act of reference in which the particle used has been introduced before. The speaker wants to avoid repetition but maintaining the meaning of the message (E.g. I like tennis and I play it every weekend). GESTURAL / SYMBOLIC DEIXIS ? Gestural: those particles accompanied with physical movements (E.g. arm pointing). Symbolic: those terms in which the participants have to share the same spatial and temporal context to understand the message. PERSON / PLACE / TIME DEIXIS ? Person: refers to participants in the speech event (E.g. he, my). Time: refers to the concrete temporal time in which the utterance is produced (E.g. Then, ago). Place: refers to the location (E.g. This, here). 4/ 77 Definition of the main concepts (II) (less)

Analysis of an example Neal: How many orders do we still need to pack, Gail? We’ve been packing (more)

Analysis of an example Neal: How many orders do we still need to pack, Gail? We’ve been packing them all day. Gail: I’m really tired from packing all of the stuff all day. Neal: Well, and it’s about time to clock out. Gail: I know. (Gail points the orders). Maybe we can finish it tomorrow. Neal: Why not! These are not urgent. We could do it first thing tomorrow. Gail: All right. Let’s call it quits and go home. Neal: See, great minds think alike! Dialogue found on the English website: www.focusenglish.com/dialogues  5/ 7 (less)

Conclusion Why the example works from a communicative point of view? Because speakers use deictic (more)

Conclusion Why the example works from a communicative point of view? Because speakers use deictic and non- deictic particles in order to be completely understood. We can’t understand all the facts! Because we need more information about the context 6/ 7 (less)

Form vs. Pragmatic function Chosing rules? Example 1: He phoned when I was studing. Example 2: (more)

Form vs. Pragmatic function Chosing rules? Example 1: He phoned when I was studing. Example 2: This morning Anna told me she had the baby last month. Analise sentences by taking into account: · Communicative function · Form (less)

Meaning-making sources Force “Communicative intent” Repair Acts: 1. Locutionary act 2. (more)

Meaning-making sources Force “Communicative intent” Repair Acts: 1. Locutionary act 2. Illocutionary act 3. Perlocutionary act (less)

Indirectness Deffinition “indirectness is such an intrinsic part of language that we may not (more)

Indirectness Deffinition “indirectness is such an intrinsic part of language that we may not even be aware of it” (less)